The Most Drought Prone Countries in the World

The most drought prone countries in the world than others, due to a variety of environmental factors.

Water covers seventy-one percent of the earth; the remaining 29% is land. However, a third of the land mass is considered desert. The two largest deserts in the world occupy the coldest places on earth, the Arctic, and the Antarctic. The Sahara Desert remains the largest hot desert in the world. Global warming is accelerating desertification, and by 2050 a large part of the earth would have limited access to fresh water. African and Asian countries are the most affected by desertification. The 3,500,000 Square-Mile Sahara Desert spans across the entire North Africa region and is quickly encroaching into east Africa.

Countries such as Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, Panama, and Columbia are considered some of the luckiest, as they receive the most rainfall.

Those who don’t receive enough, however, are prone to experiencing difficult living conditions and are at risk of facing drought.

There may be many causes that lead to drought. This includes reduced rainfall, experiencing more than one dry season, the impact of human activities or an over-usage of resources, due to over-populated countries.

One of the longest droughts in the world, lasted about 400 years, in Chile, which will hopefully, never happen again, but the future odds might just have a few surprises in store for the world too.

10. Morocco

The Sahara Desert covers a large part of Morocco. About 18.22% of the country’s arable land is under vegetation, 12.62% is forest cover while the rest is desert. The southern part of the country experiences rainfall of between 100 mm and 200 mm in a year. Although the country is prone to drought, it is Africa’s 5th largest economy. The government has set up a $633 million contingency plan to mitigate the effects of the recurrent droughts.

9. Uganda

The Republic of Uganda lies within the Equator. It is a relatively small country but with a population of 41 million. About 71.89% of Uganda is agricultural land, 34.41% is arable land and 10.36% is under forest cover. The Congo forest covers eastern Uganda, but the northern part bordering South Sudan is exposed to the encroaching Sahara. The area experiences constant drought that leaves half a million people with very little food and water. Despite years of government interventions, the situation in northern Uganda remains critical.

8. Somalia

Unfortunately, food security is a widespread concern in Somalia. One reality affecting this is the fact that only 1.75% of Somalia is arable land. A majority of Somalians depend on international food donations by the United Nations organizations and the International Red Cross. Up to a million people are threatened by starvation, most of whom are children and women.

7. Iran

Desert coves a large part of Iran. 73% of the country is considered desert land, leaving 27% as agricultural land. About 6.5% of the land is under forest cover while a mere 1.1% is considered permanent cropland. The food situation in the country is so dire that the government has notified the UN that it requires international aid. The country has spent about US $1.7 billion to mitigate recurrent droughts in the country, including US $200 million spent on water pumps and water purification systems.

6. Pakistan

Between 1998-2002, Pakistan experienced the worst drought in 50 years. Today, the situation has gotten worse. The government states that a shortage of food and water threatens nearly three million people. The Thar Desert in the southern part of the country has been abandoned as thousands of people and millions of livestock migrate in search of humane conditions. It is anticipated that by 2025 Pakistan will face an absolute scarcity of water as country’s largest supplier of fresh water; the Indus River basin, continues to dry up.

5. China

In recent times, the northern and southwest regions of China have been facing persistent drought that leaves millions of people on the verge of starvation. Crops wilt while farmers and herders are in desperate need of water for their farmlands and animals. About three million people in Shanxi Province in northern China are in dire need of water while a third of the wheat crop in the area dry up due to lack of irrigation or rainwater. The deserts of China are spreading at an annual average of 1,300 square miles a situation that has seen the government deploy soldiers to plant trees.

4. Afghanistan

Afghanistan is among the driest and most barren countries in the world. About 2.5 million people have been affected and need help for the government and the international aid. The southern parts of the country lose about 60-80% of animals whenever a drought occurs. Crops that depend on rain in several provinces including Balkh, Herat, Sar-e-Pul, jawzjan, and Faryab dry up, resulting in starvation and migration of people.

3. Eritrea

Eritrea is facing a series of terrible crises which includes a recurrent border clash war with Ethiopia, poverty, famine, political instability, migration, diseases, and drought. The country is currently facing a major food shortage that has exposed 1.3 million people to starvation. Children are the most affected as UNICEF and international donor organizations rush to mitigate malnutrition and food-related diseases. About half of the children in the country are facing malnutrition while two of three people survive on two or fewer meals a day.

2. Sudan

About 2.8 million people in Sudan are affected by drought every year. Severe effects are felt in southern Sudan where a combination of drought and a civil war is rampaging across the country. Sudan is largely a desert, and the country, like Egypt, depends on the Nile River for water. Arable land is found along the banks of the river. The construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile threatens to reduce the flow of water on the Nile, consequentially escalating the drought in Sudan.

1. Ethiopia

Poor harvests and recurrent insecurity in some regions of Ethiopia has led to food instability and falling food reserves across the country. Approximately one million people including children below the age of five require government and international intervention every year. Torrential rains and flash floods, poverty, and diseases worsen the situation.

Which Countries Are The Most Drought Prone in the World?

Some of the countries that are most prone to drought include Ethiopia, Sudan, Eritrea, Afghanistan, China, and Pakistan.

The post The Most Drought Prone Countries in the World appeared first on Gradaxis.

source https://gradaxis.com/the-most-drought-prone-countries-in-the-world/

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The Biggest Software Companies Operating In The World Today

Microsoft features in the top position of the 2015 Forbes list for the world’s largest software companies.

Software has evolved through the years from programs placed on discs to now nearly immediate access through online activation. In the past, traditional software companies produced software programs sold to consumers through a disc that required purchase time and installation. In the modern day, thanks to the internet and cloud technology, customers can now gain immediate access to a software installation upon purchase.

Software companies today operate on many different business models and provide a wide array of products and services. Revenue generated from these services includes software license sales, maintenance services, subscription fees, support services, and more.

Across the technology industry, innovative developments are helping services from software companies to become faster and more productive for the customer than ever. Through the internet and cloud technology software companies are offering a broader array of options through the concept software-as-a-service (SaaS). SaaS offerings and revenue are at the core of nearly every top software company in the world. Through cloud technology, customers can more easily pay a regular subscription fee to immediately access software through the internet on the provider’s server. Software companies are also some of the world’s top developers of enterprise solutions commonly known as infrastructure as a service (IaaS) with SaaS powering many IaaS solutions.

Historically, technology has been one of the most innovative and high growth sectors in a country’s economy. This article looks at the top 10 software companies across the globe along with some of their brightest company highlights. This top 10 list comes from the Forbes Global 2000 which annually identifies the largest publicly traded companies in the world.

The “Forbes Global 2000” is a ranking of the top 2,000 public companies in the world. These ranking are based on 4 principal factors: market value, profit, sales, and assets. Each company on the list is characterized by its specific industry. This article takes a look at the top “Software and Programming” companies as featured on the Forbes Global 2000 list.

Microsoft

Microsoft, founded on April 4, 1975, is the biggest software company in the world with headquarters located in Redmond, Washington in the US. It has an annual sales rate of $97.58 billion. This multinational company produces various technology products, including: electronics, computer software, and personal computers. In May of 2011, Microsoft purchased Skype Technologies and in December of 2016, went on to purchase Linkedin. Although Microsoft’s growth was originally centered around personal computer operating systems, it has since lost a large share of that market to Android. It has, however, grown in the IBM-PC compatible operating systems and the office software suite markets.

Oracle

Oracle Corporation was founded in 1977 and is the second biggest software company in the world with headquarters located in Redwood City, California in the US. It has an annual sales rate of $38.8 billion. This multinational company develops database software, cloud engineered systems, customer management software, and supply chain management software. In 2004, this company acquired PeopleSoft, Hyperion, and Siebel Systems.

SAP

SAP, which in English stands for Systems Applications and Products in Data Processing, is a German multinational company with headquarters in the city of Walldorf in Baden-Wurttemberg. Founded in June of 1970, SAP is now considered the third largest software company per revenue in the world. It has an average sales rate of $23.3 billion. It has more than 335,000 customers in 190 countries. Since 2012, SAP has purchased several cloud-based companies in an attempt to compete with Oracle, its largest competitor. In 2014, SAP and IBM partnered up to market cloud-based services with IBM providing the infrastructure. Since then, SAP has also partnered with Microsoft in an effort to provide data visualization tools and better mobile applications.

Symantec

Symantec is based on Mountain View, California in the US. It was founded in 1982 with a National Science Foundation grant and originally intended to develop artificial-intelligence related products. Today, it produces security, storage, and backup software and is considered the fourth largest software company in the world. It has an annual average sales rate of $6.6 billion. In October of 2014, the company decided to split into two distinct organizations, one focused on information management and the other focused on security. This plan was realized in January of 2016, when Veritas Technologies was created and sold to The Carlyle Group.

VMware

VMware, founded in 1998, is the fifth largest software company in the world with headquarters located in Palo Alto, California in the US. It is a subsidiary of Dell Technologies and works to provide cloud services and virtualization software. VMware has an average sales rate of around $6 billion. Prior to becoming part of Dell, VMware was acquired by EMC Corporation in 2004. In 2007, EMC sold around 15% of the company on the New York Stock Exchange. VMware restructured its organization at the beginning of 2016 before EMC was purchased by Dell.

Other software companies can be seen in the chart published below.

What is the World’s Largest Software Company?

Microsoft, founded on April 4, 1975, is the biggest software company in the world with headquarters located in Redmond, Washington in the US. It has an annual sales rate of $97.58 billion

Which Are The Biggest Software Companies Operating In The World Today?

Rank	Organization	Sales	Headquarters
1	Microsoft	$97.58	Redmond, WA, US
2	Oracle	$38.8	Redwood City, CA, US
3	SAP	$23.3	Walldorf, Germany
4	Symantec	$6.6	Mountain View, CA, US
5	VMware	$6	Palo Alto, CA, US
6	HCL Technologies	$5.2	Noida, UP, India
7	Fiserv	$5.1	Brookfield, WI, US
8	Intuit	$4.6	Mountain View, CA, US
9	Amadeus IT Group	$4.5	Madrid, Spain
10	CA Technologies	$4.3	Islandia, NY, US

source https://fourteen.online/the-biggest-software-companies-operating-in-the-world-today/

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The Biggest Telescopes In The World

The Biggest telescopes in the world are in the Canary Islands of Spain has an aperture, or opening through which light comes through, of 409 inches.

Next-generation ground telescopes received priority designation from a long-awaited report by the National Academy of Sciences. They would join a host of existing ground telescopes and smaller space telescopes already peering at supernovas, galaxies and other distant objects in the starry skies.

Three planned optical telescopes in the 98-foot (30-meter) range would house some of the biggest mirrors yet for collecting light from distant cosmic objects. And proposed radio telescope would dwarf predecessors by using many antenna stations to create a total collecting area of a square kilometer, or 0.4 square miles.

Here’s a look at ten of the present and future giants among ground-based telescopes that provide scientists a glimpse of the past universe through time and space.

Telescopes help to bring stars and galaxies closer to humans. This invention observes visible light (a type of electromagnetic radiation) from far off objects and uses that light to create an image. This function is precisely what makes them so useful to scientists and astronomers. Galileo is most commonly associated with the first telescopes though he is not the inventor. He was, however, the first person to use a telescope to view the night sky which is how he discovered the Milky Way. Several kinds telescopes exist and are used to observe different types of electromagnetic radiation. Optical, Radio, and X-ray telescopes (to name a few) have all been beneficial to science. This article inspects some of the biggest optical telescopes on Earth.

The Biggest Telescopes

The Gran Telescopio Canarias

The Gran Telescopio Canarias is by far the largest telescope on earth and measures 34 feet (or 409 inches) across! Its home is in the Canary Islands of Spain. The design and development of this telescope took more than 1,000 people from over 100 companies more than a decade to complete. Major contributors were the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarías, the University of Florida, and the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. King Juan Carlos I of Spain officially inaugurated the telescope on July 24, 2009.

Keck 1 and Keck 2

Next on the list of big telescopes is the Keck 1 and Keck 2 telescope located Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii, US. These telescopes, inaugurated in 1993 and 1996, are both 394 inches wide, or 32.8 feet. University of California and Lawrence Berkeley Labs began designing in 1977, but it was Howard B. Keck who donated the $70 million required for construction. Keck 1 construction began in 1985. Popularity grew, and the institutions received more donations which allowed for the construction of Keck 2. The University of California, Caltech, and NASA form a partnership that accepts research proposals and allocates telescope use time. The California Association for Research in Astronomy manages the observatory.

South African Large Telescope (SALT )

After the Keck 1 and 2 telescopes, the next largest telescope is the SALT. The SALT (South African Large Telescope) is located on the Northern Cape of South Africa at the South African Astronomical Observatory. Though not the largest in the world, it is the largest in the southern hemisphere and measures 30.16 feet across (362 inches). Due to its location, the SALT can capture images that its northern hemisphere fellows cannot. This telescope represents an international effort and receives funding from Germany, Poland, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, India, South Africa, and the US.

Large Binocular Telescope (LBT)

Number 4 on the list is the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). This 330-inch instrument helps astronomers and other researchers view the night sky from the Mount Graham Observatory in Arizona, US. Unfortunately, its location was the cause of heated debate when the San Carlos Apache Tribe contested its use on Mount Graham. The natives revere the mountains as a sacred site. Environmentalists were also concerned about the destruction of the Mount Graham Red Squirrel habitat. The US Congress passed an act permitting its destruction. The telescope was a joint effort among Italian Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, University of Arizona, University of Notre Dame, University of Missouri, University of Virginia, the German Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, and many others.

Subaru

The fifth largest telescope in the world is the Subaru, 323 inches. This instrument is located in Hawaii, like the Keck 1 and Keck 2 telescopes, at the Mauna Kea Observatory. This was initiated by an engineering work group from the University of Tokyo.

Telescopes In Chile

Interestingly, the remaining largest telescopes of the world are all located in Chile in South America. This is because of the Atacama desert which provide clear skies and dry air. The telescopes located at the Paranal Observatory are all 323 inches in diameter (almost 30 feet) and include the: Antu, Kueyen, Melipal, and Yepun. Finally, last on the list at 318 inches is the Gemini South telescope. The Gemini is located at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory.

Future Plans

Plans for future telescopes will have even more viewing potential than those of the present-day hopefully these instruments will catch a glimpse into the birth of a universe. One telescope planned for 2020 is the Giant Magellan Telescope, which will measure 80 feet in diameter and promptly take the place of the largest telescope on earth. This telescope will also be located in Chile and is expected to provide a direct view of the planets in other solar systems, a first for astronomy.

What is the Largest Telescope in the World?

The Gran Telescopio Canarias in the Canary Islands it the largest telescope in the world. The aperture of the camera measures 409 inches across. The telescope took more than ten years to develop.

The Biggest Telescopes In The World

Rank	Telescope, Location, Date Built	Aperture Size
1	Gran Telescopio Canarias, Canary Islands, Spain, 2009	409 inches
2	Keck 1 and Keck 2, Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii, U.S.A., 1993 and 1996 (respectively)	394 inches each
3	SALT, South African Astronomical Observatory, Northern Cape, South Africa, 2005	362 inches
4	LBT, Mount Graham Observatory, Arizona, U.S.A., 2004	330 inches
5	Subaru, Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii, U.S.A., 1999	323 inches
6	Antu, Paranal Observatory, Chile, 1998	323 inches
7	Kueyen, Paranal Observatory, Chile, 1999	323 inches
8	Melipal, Paranal Observatory, Chile, 2000	323 inches
9	Yepun, Paranal Observatory, Chile, 2001	323 inches
10	Gemini South, Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Chile, 2001	318 inches

source https://fourteen.online/the-biggest-telescopes-in-the-world/

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The Most Car Accidents Countries in the World

Motor vehicle accidents are one of the major causes of death globally, the most car accidents countries in the world with rates highest in the developing world.

It is crucial to consider the rate of road accidents in a country that you intend to travel. Road accident is a menace that has claimed many lives. The key attributes to road accidents are mainly careless driving and poor road infrastructure. In other countries, a simple street crossing is risky. This is because the necessary support hasn’t been appropriately placed.

According to the 2008 research by the World Health Organization, car accidents take a substantial percentage of the causes of death. Auto accidents account for 1.8% of all deaths.

This article aims to highlight some of the countries with the highest number of road accidents. The results were based on the research by the World Health Organization and the University of Michigan Transportation Research Initiative.

Around 3,000 car accidents occur every day around the world. Alcohol and other drugs are found to be a contributing cause in up to 22% of vehicular accidents on the world’s highways and byways. Automobile-related deaths rank as the 11th most common cause of death in many places, particularly developing countries, with young people in the age groups from 5 to 24 years old possessing the highest risks. At a rate of 73.4 deaths per 100,000 people, Libya by far has the highest incidence of car accidents anywhere in the world.Libya experiences the most car accidents in the world, with 73.4 car accidents per 100,000 inhabitants. 

Public Transport Affords Little Safety in Many Places

Low and middle-income countries have less than half of the world’s vehicles. Nonetheless, they contribute to over 90% of the total number of road traffic deaths. Their poorly maintained road networks and lack of resources to enforce road safety laws and medical assistance are major factors. Contrarily, the countries with the lowest rates of road accident deaths are chiefly the high-income countries that possess the necessary resources to maintain their roads at a high standard and enforce stricter road usage laws. In such countries, public transport systems are applauded for their safety records. However, in some lower-income countries, public transport vehicles are believed to be among the main causes of vehicular deaths. In Nigeria and Kenya, for example, public transport providers are known to fill up their cabins well past safe capacities, while exceeding the speed limits along their routes. They often exhibit open contempt for the rules of the road by using vehicles that are far from adequately suited to be on the road.

Low-Priced Cars, High-Priced Risks

The majority of the vehicles sold in low and middle-income countries are not able to meet basic road safety standards that approach global norms. Regulations within these countries that define what makes a vehicle roadworthy are lax, making them ideal dumping grounds for old vehicles. From there, locals often take advantage of the low costs associated with importing old vehicles that barely run and pose public health risks for their personal use. Reducing the number of car users in these countries would go a long way in reducing the road accident deaths per capita. This will be hard though, considering that only 33% of countries around the world have active policies that encourage people to walk or cycle as an alternative to driving, and limited resources will make it difficult to pass and implement policies of their own. 

Dangers to Pedestrians and Cyclists

Half of the people killed in road accidents are pedestrians, cyclists, or operators of two-wheeled vehicles. They are referred to as “vulnerable road users.” In the Americas, the proportion of motorcycle deaths rose to 20% from 15% between 2010 and 2013, and in South-East Asia and the Pacific regions, the proportion is as high as 33%. Vulnerable road users are especially at risk in countries where their needs are not taken into consideration during the design phases of road construction projects. “Zebra crossings” are few and far between in places where vulnerable users are not considered, and bike lanes are almost non-existent. The problem is compounded by the fact that governments take little initiative when it comes to reducing automobile congestion on their roads. 

The Necessity of Globalized Efforts

At a conference held in Brasilia, officials from transport as well as health departments from the governments of numerous countries came together to discuss global road safety issues, and the pressing need to take action to achieve the road safety goals outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. There, they discussed the passing of new laws to curb the high number of road accident deaths based on practices involving seat belt use, speed restrictions, motorcycle helmets, and child restraints. This will not be enough, however, if countries fail to act on their promises and enforce their mandates. Improvements in public transport systems will go a long way in making it safer for pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists alike who share our planet’s roads. Developing countries do not deserve all the blame, as even in developed countries many motorists fail to realize that the road is for all users, not just for people driving cars. Many perceive traffic laws more as nuisances than as hard-set rules to live and drive-by.

Which Country Has the Most Car Accidents?

Libya experiences the most car accidents in the world, with 73.4 car accidents per 100,000 inhabitants.

Countries With The Highest Road Traffic Death Rate

Rank	Country	Car Accident Deaths (Per 100,000 Inhabitants)
1	Libya	73.4
2	Thailand	36.2
3	Malawi	35.0
4	Liberia	33.7
5	Democratic Republic of the Congo	33.2
6	Tanzania	32.9
7	Central African Republic	32.4
8	Iran	32.1
9	Rwanda	32.1
10	Mozambique	31.6
11	São Tomé and Príncipe	31.1
12	Togo	31.1
13	Burkina Faso	30.0
14	Gambia	29.4
15	Dominican Republic	29.3
16	Kenya	29.1
17	Madagascar	28.4
18	Lesotho	28.2
19	Zimbabwe	28.2
20	Benin	27.7
21	Cameroon	27.6
22	Guinea-Bissau	27.5
23	Saudi Arabia	27.4
24	Uganda	27.4
25	Guinea	27.3

source https://fourteen.online/the-most-car-accidents-countries-in-the-world/

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The Most Powerful Earthquake Ever Recorded

The 1960 Valdivia earthquake had a magnitude of about 9.4 to 9.6 Mw, making it the most powerful earthquake on record.

An earthquake occurs when built up energy is released from the lithosphere, below the surface of the earth. This energy may be released due to fault line movement or even volcanic activity. The result of this movement is so powerful that it creates seismic waves, which cause the surface of the earth to shake and, sometimes, to fall in. Certain areas around the world are more prone to earthquake activity than others. This propensity to experience an earthquake is known as seismic activity.

Historical records often refer to this as the Jiajing Great Earthquake because it occurred during Emperor Jiajing’s reign during the Ming dynasty. The approximate death toll comes from local annals that also tracked 26 other earthquakes in the region. In those records, the description of the Jiajing earthquake is starkly different from the others: they describe leveled mountains, floods, fires that burned for days, and a drastically altered landscape. The annals estimated that some counties had lost about 60 percent of their population.

Even though we can’t be certain of how accurate the estimate of fatalities was, Jiajing is still considered the deadliest earthquake today because its death toll is just so much higher than any other disaster. The closest in terms of casualties that we know of was the 2004 earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean that killed an estimated 230,000 people across Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka and India.

How are Earthquakes Measured?

Today, earthquakes are measured by using strong-motion accelerometers, which measure the speed at which the ground moves. When the measurement is complete, the earthquake is assigned a number to indicate its strength. This number may be based on one of several scales, including the Richter scale and the Moment Magnitude scale. The Richter scale is the most widely recognized and measures earthquakes on a scale of 0 to above 8. Anything over a 4 on the Richter scale may begin to cause damage. A 6 or above can cause buildings to collapse and an 8 or above can result in damaged infrastructure, like bridges and roadways.

What is the Most Powerful Earthquake Ever Recorded?

The most powerful earthquake ever recorded occurred on May 22, 1960, near Valdivia, Chile in South America. It is referred to as either the Valdivia Earthquake or the Great Chilean Earthquake. On this day, the shaking began at 3:11 PM local time and lasted for approximately 10 minutes, registering between a 9.4 and a 9.6 on the Moment Magnitude scale. Scientists have determined that this earthquake was so powerful that it represented 25% of all seismic activity around the world between 1906 and 2005.

Just before and slightly after the Valdivia earthquake, Chile experienced a number of earthquakes that are now referred to as the sequence of earthquakes. These disasters began just one day before the Valdivia earthquake in the town of Concepción and lasted until June 6th of the same year. Researchers later identified the Valdivia event as a megathrust earthquake, which takes place at convergent plate boundaries in the subduction zone under the ground. The seismic activity occurs when one tectonic plate is violently pushed under another. This type of earthquake is considered the most powerful and dangerous in the world. This power is the result of higher-than-average energy accumulation within subduction zones. When this energy is released in the form of an earthquake, the result is disastrous.

Areas Affected by the Earthquake

Because the epicenter was located along the Chilean coastline, the strong seismic energy created a tsunami in the ocean and caused waves of up to 82 feet in height in some places. Not only were coastal towns hit by extremely high waves, but the water levels were higher than average and flooding occurred in several places. In Corral, for example, the water throughout the port rose 13 feet higher than usual. Additionally, waves of 33 and 26 feet crashed against the coastal towns between Chiloe Island and Concepción. The resulting tsunami worked its way around the world, traveling across the Pacific Ocean and hitting the shores of the US state of Hawaii, Australia, Japan, the Philippines, and the Aleutian Islands in the US state of Alaska.

The city of Valdivia received the most damage as a result of this record-breaking earthquake, although other cities throughout Chile also suffered severe damage. The total impact area was recorded within a 150,000-square mile area, which stretched from the town of Talca to the Chiloe Island. Regions located above tectonic depressions seemed to be hardest hit. One example of this is Puerto Octay, located within the Central Valley, which received the strongest tremors of any city not within of the Valdivia Basin.

Impact of the Most Powerful Earthquake on Humans

The number of deaths caused by the Valdivia Earthquake is estimated to lie somewhere between 4,000 and 6,000 individuals. Houses were destroyed throughout the affected area with most of the damage located at lower elevations, where the earthquake vibrations were the strongest. In Valdivia alone, at least 40% of the houses fell to the ground, which caused approximately 20,000 people to be homeless. Some infrastructure was also damaged and one bridge was lost completely in this city.

Outside of urban areas, agricultural areas suffered from both the earthquake and the resulting floods. These natural disasters worked together to take the lives of people and livestock. The recently developed economy in the town of Queule was also destroyed as it had previously relied on fishing and agriculture for survival.

Impact of the Most Powerful Earthquake on Nature

In addition to the loss of homes, economic opportunities, and human lives, the Great Chilean Earthquake resulted in significant environmental damage as well. As previously mentioned, tsunami waves ripped across the ocean and crashed against shorelines around the world. In Chile, these strong waves destroyed ports and caused several boats to wreck.

Some researchers believe this earthquake may have also triggered a volcano eruption. Less than 2 days after the event, the Cordón Caulle volcano erupted. The eruption created several vents, which emitted lava and ash over a time period of nearly a month. Luckily, this event did not cause damage to any local community.

The earthquake shook through the mountains located further inland as well. This violent movement shook rocks and soil loose from the tops of mountains, resulting in landslides throughout the affected area. These landslides were primarily concentrated along the Liquiñe-Ofqui fault line in the southern region of the Andes mountain range. In some cases, the falling earth destroyed the surrounding vegetation and rural roadways. In general, however, no communities were harmed by these landslides.

One of the most serious consequences of the earthquake-induced landslides occurred when the exit of the Riñihue Lake was blocked. With the outflow blocked, the lake was unable to drain its excess water supply into the San Pedro River. The water in the lake was held back by a relatively low, 78-foot tall dam. As the water level began rising, fed by the Enco river, authorities worked to evacuate the area. Additionally, local officials began excavating the area to make room for more water. Eventually, they built dams around upper-level lakes to prevent water from flowing into the Riñihue Lake and built dykes around the lake itself in order to contain the water.

In total, experts estimate that the total monetary damage caused by this earthquake was equal to between $3.24 and $6.48 billion, adjusted for inflation.

What is the most powerful earthquake ever recorded?

The 1960 Valdivia earthquake had a magnitude of about 9.4 to 9.6 Mw, making it the most powerful earthquake on record.

The post The Most Powerful Earthquake Ever Recorded appeared first on Gradaxis.

source https://gradaxis.com/the-most-powerful-earthquake-ever-recorded/

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The World’s Most Earthquake Prone Countries

The world’s most earthquake-prone countries include China, Indonesia, Iran, and Turkey.

Earthquakes are one of the most devastating of all natural disasters. Earthquakes are very difficult to predict as events that lead to these disasters happen deep down in the earth. Tectonic plate movements are the primary cause of earthquakes. Volcanic eruptions can also trigger earthquakes but are often, in turn, caused by tectonic activity.

When a quake strikes, there’s very little time to prepare, and survival has a lot to do with luck: Building codes, the time of day, and even the weather (which can trigger avalanches and mudslides) can play a role in how much destruction an earthquake causes.

It has generally been tough to determine where in the world people are most at risk, since there was no standardized, comprehensive way to compare the consequences of shaking around the world.

Not every country in the world is susceptible to earthquakes. The world’s most earthquake-prone countries include China, Indonesia, Iran, and Turkey.

1. China

China experienced 157 earthquakes from 1900 to 2020, the highest number of earthquakes of any country. Most of these earthquakes happened in the southwest region of the country, where the terrain is highly mountainous. Luckily for China, some of the least populous provinces, namely Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Tibet, and Yunnan, are located in this region. The rugged terrain and harsh climate of this region are not conducive to support high populations. However, due to the poor transportation infrastructure and remote mountainous topography of the southwest, rescue and recovery after an earthquake become an extremely challenging task.

2. Indonesia

With 113 earthquakes of significant magnitude between 1900 and 2020, Indonesia ranks as the world’s second most earthquake-prone country. The primary reason for the high frequency of earthquakes in Indonesia is its location on the Ring of Fire. The majority of the world’s earthquakes happen in the Ring of Fire, which encompasses a shoe-shaped area of about 40,000 square km. The movement of tectonic plates in the area, as well as submarine or surface volcanic eruptions, have triggered many earthquakes that have affected Indonesia over the centuries.

3. Iran

Iran, a country in the Middle East, is located in an area of high seismic activity. It is the third most earthquake country in the world and has experienced at least 106 earthquakes from 1900 to 2020. The country exists where the Eurasian and Arabian tectonic plates meet. The Zagros Mountains, one of the world’s youngest mountain range, developed in the area due to the subduction of the Arabian place under the Iranian plate, the latter being a part of the larger Eurasian plate. Due to the location of Iran at a collision zone of the different plates, earthquakes in the country are inevitable. What is more, the seismic zone encompasses most of the country with an area that is 1600 kilometers long and 400 kilometers wide. Instead of a single sharp plate boundary, Iran has numerous fracture zones that makes it more susceptible to catastrophic earthquakes.

4. Turkey

Like other countries in the list, Turkey also sits atop one of the world’s most seismically active spots, the plate boundary between the Eurasian and Arabian plates. The Arabian plate is inching northwards towards the relatively stable Eurasian Plate. Turkey is located at the boundary of impact between these plates. The movement of the Arabian Plate, in turn, is triggered by the formation and spread of new crust along the mid-sea ridges of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. The spreading of this new crust provides the northward push to the Arabian plate. The pressure from the Arabian plate has already generated two faults in the country that start from a common point and then part ways as the Northern Anatolian Fault and the Eastern Anatolian Fault. Locations along these faults are highly susceptible to earthquakes.

5. Japan

Like Indonesia, Japan is near the Pacific Ring of Fire which makes it highly vulnerable to catastrophic earthquakes. The movement and collisions of the continental and oceanic plates in and around Japan are responsible for these disasters. Japan is on the joint of four different tectonic plates. These are the North America plate, Pacific plate, Philippine plate, and the Eurasian plate. The movement and subduction of the Philippine and Pacific plates under the two other plates cause earthquakes.

6. Peru

Peru is at the interface between the South American and Nazca plates. The movement of the former over the latter at a rate of 77 mm per year is triggering the earthquakes due to thrust faulting at the plate interface. Volcanism in the highlands of Peru and the formation of the Peru–Chile Trench and the Andes Mountains are also a result of plate tectonics due to the movement of these plates.

7. United States

Parts of the west coast of the United States are in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Plate tectonics is also active in the region. The dynamic boundary of the Pacific and North American plates is responsible for many earthquakes in the country, especially in Alaska and California. In the latter, the San Andreas Fault runs a long distance making the state highly prone to disasters.

8. Italy

In Italy, the southern part of the country is most susceptible to earthquakes as the Eurasian and African plates collide in this region. Most of Italy’s most dangerous volcanoes like Etna, Vesuvius, and Stromboli are in this region.

Other Countries That Are Highly Prone To Earthquakes

Afghanistan and India are also highly prone to earthquakes due to the action of plate tectonics. The Indian plate is constantly moving northwards and ramming into the Eurasian plate, which is the main cause of earthquakes in the Indian subcontinent. Greece and Mexico are also vulnerable to earthquake events.

The World’s 10 Most Earthquake Prone Countries

Rank	Country	Number of earthquakes, 1900 to 200
1	China	157
2	Indonesia	113
3	Iran	106
4	Turkey	77
5	Japan	61
6	Peru	44
7	United States of America	41
8	Italy	33
9	Afghanistan, India, Greece, and Mexico	32

The post The World’s Most Earthquake Prone Countries appeared first on Gradaxis.

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The uses of modern technology “the Internet”

The uses of modern technology “the Internet” is what it has and what it has ..

The means of modern technology, especially the Internet, are a large world that has no borders. The Internet came to form a new virtual world that opens the door wide open to individuals, groups, bodies, entities and organizations of various kinds to breathe breezes of unprecedented freedom on one side, and make its voice heard to others on the other hand, through Sites of a number of new virtual newspapers, news sites, forums, mailing lists and personal sites of some politicians, intellectuals, writers, media professionals, clergy and ordinary individuals, whether they are young men, men or children ..

The Internet also entered amazingly in homes and cafes, and the number of its users increased to the point where we stop a lot in order to shed light on the dimensions of this phenomenon and look at it objectively and to discuss its positive and negative effects, according to what came in an important study by «Kimberly Young» Professor of Psychology at the University of Pittsburgh in Bradford, United States of America, 6% of Internet users in the world are addicted, although scientists and experts differed in the definition of the word “addiction”, while some do not consider them to apply only to substances that a person may eat, then he cannot dispense with them, except Others consider this A narrow concept where they see that addiction is the inability of a person to dispense with something, regardless of this thing, as long as he meets the rest of the conditions of addiction from the need for more of this thing continuously in order to satisfy his need when deprived of it.

The results of studies conducted in this field also indicated that most areas of addicts’ use of the Internet are “chat rooms” and through social networks such as Facebook – and we will talk about them in succession successively – where people meet new friends, and spend long times chatting with them about sex , And the person may have an affair over the air, and that relationship may take months

In another field in which addicts are wasted, which is sex sites on the Internet that display scandalous images in addition to Internet games that are similar to video games, and discussion clubs where each club or group adopts a specific issue or hobby, and articles and dialogues are made between the participants around it and searches remain It is the most beneficial for users of modern technology, especially the Internet, as the Internet contains a tremendous amount of information, and this may appeal to a certain type of minds that are not satisfied with the desire to get all the information it can in various areas of life.

The Internet provides a way to escape from reality, The search for a way to fulfill unsatisfied psychological and emotional needs by meeting people, forming social relationships, and exchanging views with new people.

The Internet user can also hide his personal data and reactions while using the network, and therefore some Internet users – especially those who feel lonely and insecure in their real life – take advantage of this feature to express their most accurate personal secrets, buried desires and pent-up feelings, which leads to the illusion of intimacy and familiarity.
Dr. John Grohol, a professor of American psychology, noted that internet addiction is a phased process, as new users are usually the most used and wasteful ones because of their fascination with this method .. Then after a while the user happens to be a process of disappointment from the Internet, thus limiting the use of To him, and that follows a person to use the Internet balance process.
However, some people go on with them in the first stage, as they do not skip it except after a longer time than most people need. Among the negative aspects of modern technology, especially the Internet:

And the Internet addict needs longer and longer periods of use to satisfy his desire, just as all his attempts to stop addiction are failing, and the Internet addict often uses this method to escape from his own problems.

Internet benefits
There are many tangible benefits to the Internet in daily life, the most important of which are the following:

Source of information
The Internet is a treasure trove of information, as it provides many information and knowledge on various topics, and search engines can be used to access details on various topics such as laws, government services, conferences, trade fairs around the world and the most prominent new inventions, technological developments, and benefit from the advice and advice of experts in various Matters.

Fast communication
The Internet is classified as the greatest communication medium invented to date, and with the development of technology and recent innovations it has become more fast and reliable, as a written, audio or video communication with a person on another continent can be made, at any time, easily and quickly.

A source for learning
The Internet is an important source of education, and the acquisition of knowledge, whether free or by participating in paid services such as virtual courses, and the reliability and reliability of the sites and information provided can be verified by examining the health and quality of the content, as the Internet has become a good destination for people deprived of academic education.

A way to entertain
Entertainment is considered one of the most important reasons why people are browsing the internet, as the Internet achieved great success by providing many entertainment means, as it became easy to follow activities, the daily life of celebrities, in addition to countless games, and it can be downloaded for free, or Paid on computers, smartphones.

source https://drlinex.com/the-uses-of-modern-technology-the-internet/

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Technology impact

Technology impact

Nowadays, technology is the meaning of progress, development and continuous improvement. If society and humans have to move from one layer to the other, then it is very important to use technology. Human always tries to make his life happy. Man wants to change his work and thinking and make him new. There are two aspects of human life which change every time.
society
Technology

Technology is the invention of devices and techniques. Technological change is the invention of a technology, the continuous process of improvement of a technology and its spread in this industry or society. Society is a group of people through social relations. Social change is the progress or change of social order. Technology was a factor in our lives from the beginning, it really began to shape our existence when it was only until the Industrial Revolution.

In the present day, technology is a boon or curse in society. Technology is a good way to build and improve and is badly looked at both. The use of technology is used in many ways and in many places around the world, as it is seen in a positive way. Technology is used in hospitals to save the lives of patients. Technology has also given mankind the knowledge of this world and space.
Pride of technology influence
The impact of technology can be divided into three parts. They are as follows: –
Social implications
Economic implications
Plant level changes
Educational impact

Social implications
The business man helps in expecting new discoveries to be converted into goods and services. Managers of business organizations work on new discoveries to bring together the necessary resources and turn them into useful products. Businesses are essential for goods and people, helping to create services and social development. Due to technology, many types of goods and services can be produced and are being transported to human beings, using which people ‘ The standard of living increases. Because in the technological age, the expectations of people also increase. They are not just old things but new things. There has been a need for large investment in research and development (R&D), due to which the expenditure of the merchant has also increased. Technology creates complexity and makes life difficult. Due to technology, many things are produced very quickly. Technology status differences have been created and social differences have been removed. Technology has become a new trend in communication and other aspects of life.

Economic implications
Technology has contributed to productivity growth. Technology has changed production methods. This increased the need for skilled labor and reduced production time. However it has increased the cost of production of organizations. The need for organizations to spend on research and development has increased, due to which the growth of the institute has also increased. Advances in technology reduce the time required to complete a task, Or in some cases the ability to eliminate the need for a business process or job function. Increased productivity upgrading of technology within an organization which can significantly affect company operations. Progress in computer and technology will improve the efficiency of a business. The organizational structure is being changed by modifying the status requirements of restructuring departments or by adding and removing jobs. This becomes the industry standard if employers often require training or equipment on new software programs as a job requirement. Web-based businesses can add new departments or jobs to specialize in new areas of technology. On some occasions, implementing new forms of technology may render some work duties obsolete in some industries. The status requirements of restructuring departments are being changed by modifying requirements or adding and removing jobs. This becomes the industry standard if employers often require training or equipment on new software programs as a job requirement. Web-based businesses can add new departments or jobs to specialize in new areas of technology. On some occasions, implementing new forms of technology may render some work duties obsolete in some industries. The status requirements of restructuring departments are being changed by modifying requirements or adding and removing jobs. This becomes the industry standard if employers often require training or equipment on new software programs as a job requirement. Web-based businesses can add new departments or jobs to specialize in new areas of technology. On some occasions, implementing new forms of technology may render some work duties obsolete in some industries.

Educational influence
Nowadays, students use mobile devices etc. through which they can do many tasks. Technology is also used in education. Due to this, the need of teachers in the school is becoming less as videos and other mediums are being used in classrooms. Nowadays, anyone can sit anywhere and read if he has a computer and internet connection.

Technology can affect some teachers.

Teachers’ confidence reduces as they are inexperienced to use computers or other programs.
Teachers can build on their repertoire with teaching skills and staff development and technology training.
Teachers will gain confidence and effectiveness in education with increased computer experience.
Why Technology Students Benefit

Teachers have a positive attitude in the use of technology, they often arouse students’ interest in technology as well.
Students are able to learn the skills they use in the future that are linked to technology that skills are capable of learning.
Technology can enable students to develop skills that will be necessary in the future. With the successful implantation of technology into the classroom, students are able to receive a modern and comprehensive education that they will benefit from. Their education is growing within their generation and our society will be more suited for that direction.

source https://drlinex.com/technology-impact/

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Interesting Facts About Telephone Numbers

Interesting Facts About Telephone Numbers

It is believed that the world’s first telephone conversation took place on March 10, 1876, when inventor Alexander Bell called his assistant, who was in the next room, and asked to come in. The devices were connected by a direct line, therefore, Bell did not have to dial the number. True, many dispute the fact that it was Bell who became the author of the first words on the phone. The Italian Antonio Meucci tried to register his invention back in 1871, but the company created by Alexander Bell was engaged in popularizing the phone in the world. Soon in the USA, personal numbers appeared for telephone network subscribers. At first they were four-digit. Few could afford a phone, therefore, 9999 numbers for one city were enough. With the increase in the number of subscribers, the number of digits had to be added. It was in the United States that the first seven-digit numbers appeared. Many subscribers were unhappy because they were difficult to remember. By the way, how many phone numbers can one person remember? The possibilities of memory, of course, are different for everyone, but scientists say no more than 237. In 1891, Elmon Strowger from Kansas City received a patent for a direct dial telephone, bypassing the switch. Strouger can be called the inventor of necessity, he had a small business – office for the manufacture of coffins. When his rival’s wife got a job as a telephone exchange operator, he realized that his business was in danger of collapse, as it might be left without orders. Had for a while from undertakers to retrain as inventors. Once, a familiar lady said her phone number to Albert Einstein, however, she added that it is very difficult to remember him – 24-361. Einstein reassured her, “Nothing complicated. Two dozen and 19 squared. ” The idea to create a single number for emergency situations in the United States appeared at the end of the fifties of the last century. Since 1968, 911 became such a number; for the first time it began to function in the city of Hayleville (Alabama). At present, up to 200 million calls are received annually on the telephone of the rescue service. The most expensive phone number in the world is 666-66-66. It was sold at a charity auction in the capital of Qatar, Doha. The auction number was put up by Qatar Telecom. The winner of the number cost 2 million 750 thousand dollars. The funds went to the development of medicine in the country. In Russia, before the revolution, it was possible to call the right subscriber only with the help of a telephone operator, which connected to the desired number. The first automatic station appeared in 1918 in the Kremlin. Numbers are connected to members of the government in “order of importance.” Lenin had 001, Trotsky had 002, Sverdlov had 003, and so on. The head of the Cheka, F. E. Dzerzhinsky, got the number 007. Doesn’t resemble anything? The fact is that Bella was engaged in installing the phone. Dzerzhinsky’s phone number was simultaneously connected to British spy Sidney Reilly, who could listen to Iron Felix’s conversations. Reilly received the call sign Agent 007. After many years, Fleming, who was also a scout, remembered his colleague Reilly. So the literary hero James Bond became Agent 007. On many sites of business ideas you can find such an offer – to establish a profitable business by the number of notes. Seven-digit numbers on banknotes. City numbers in megacities also consist of seven digits. Take the bill, dial its number on the phone and offer the subscriber to buy a “happy number” from you. Naturally, at a price much higher than face value.

source https://drlinex.com/interesting-facts-about-telephone-numbers/

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vending machines & phone booth

Interesting facts about vending machines

Residents of our country, whose childhood was in the era of the Soviet Union, of course, remember well soda machines. By lowering three kopeks into the coin acceptor, you could get a glass of sparkling water with syrup, and for one kopek – without syrup. In the USSR, these were probably the most popular vending machines. And around the world there are a lot of them, and you can buy anything in them.

10 Interesting Facts About Vending Machines

Newspaper vending machines were installed at many Soviet railway stations. They were exclusively mechanical, without any electronics. The coin unlocked the mechanism for a while, it was only necessary to press the handle so that the spring device would throw out the newspaper.

In Moscow on Chekhov Street in the sixties of the last century even a whole Progress store was opened, in which there were no sellers, and all goods were sold through vending machines.

The very first vending machine in the history of man was designed by the Greek mechanic and mathematician Heron, who lived in the first century AD. This unit was designed to sell water in temples. The coin, falling into the receiver, hit the lever, the valve slightly shifted to the side, and a portion of water flowed into the dishes.

. Most vending machines per capita in Japan. There is one such machine for 20 people. In the USA – by 35 people, but in Europe everything is much more complicated, one mechanism for 120 people.

There are about 20 million smokers in Japan. Therefore, there are many cigarette vending machines in this country. But, they are equipped with special scanners that determine the age of the buyer. Only after that, the machine makes a “decision” – to sell cigarettes or refuse to buy.

Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates, has a gold vending machine. You can buy in it as gold bars of different weights, and coins, also made of gold. Moreover, the prices in the machine are not constant, but regularly change, depending on the growth or fall of gold exchange prices.

There are live crab vending machines in the subway of the Chinese city of Nanjing. The cost of crab, depending on size, from 15 to 50 yuan. In the same machine, you can choose the sauce for the preparation of crab.

Now coffee machines are very popular all over the world. The first such device appeared in 1946. It was not distinguished by technical perfection, and the taste of the drink left much to be desired. But, the developers began to upgrade the machines, now they offer customers a huge assortment of coffee.

A tragic incident occurred several years in Germany. The robbers decided to break into a condom selling machine and take the proceeds out of it. For this purpose, the criminals used a makeshift bomb. During the explosion, a metal shard hit the head of one of the gang members. He died in the hospital.

By the way, unbiased statistics claim that vending machines, as a result of accidents, kill twice as many people as bloodthirsty sharks. In recent years, more and more “reverse action” machines have appeared. They do not sell, but buy goods: bottles, aluminum cans and other things, which are then sent for processing.

Interesting facts about the phone booth

Nowadays, mobile phones have become so familiar that it’s hard to imagine the time when the streets of all cities were decorated with numerous telephone booths.

In 1876, inventor Alexander Bell demonstrated how the telephone worked during the first Worldwide Electrical Exhibition in Philadelphia, and only a few years later the first telephone booths began to appear.

All English telephone booths were painted standard red. But, this was not always the case – the design of these booths in the early years of existence varied so much that it was difficult to find them. To get rid of this problem, in 1924 a competition was announced to create a single standard. The project was won by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, who proposed a single, red color for all telephone booths in the country.

Currently, telephone booths in England are gradually fading into the past, but you can still meet them on the streets. But Jordan in 2004 became the first state in the world where all telephone booths were dismantled – with the advent of modern communications, they simply stopped using street phones.

The original use of the telephone box was found in the English village of Drofton, where there were no shops left. Under the outlet adapted an old booth, long inactive. An order can be made in a neighboring town by phone, the goods are delivered to Drofton and left in the booth.

And the booth in the city of Lyon (France) was converted to an aquarium. Lighting is connected to an unusual aquarium, therefore, you can admire its inhabitants not only during the day, but also at night.

Petersburg, from which you can call poets, and those who have long passed away. Naturally, all these voices from a bygone era, they were recorded on tape during the life of the classics.

In the Soviet Union, talking from a telephone booth on a local line cost 2 kopecks. But, some craftsmen managed to call absolutely free. A hole was drilled in a coin and a thread was fastened. After the conversation ended, the “kopeck piece” could be pulled back out of the coin acceptor using a thread. Officially free were only emergency calls, for example, police or ambulance.

source https://drlinex.com/vending-machines-phone-booth/

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facts about IT technology

 

Interesting facts about IT technology

. In the Himalayas (southwestern China) there is a small panda (red panda). In English, it is called “Firefox”.

. The very first Apple logo depicted Sir Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree. An apple, ready to fall, hangs over it.

. In 2009, Google leased California Gozing … goats! What for? They are very effective in weed control on the lawn, which is broken around the headquarters of the “corporation of good”.

. Compact discs (CDs) are read from the inner circle to the outer one, and are written exactly the opposite.

. You cannot cancel a transaction via Bitcoin. On the other hand, nobody can force you to pay either.

. The world’s first tape recorder was created in 1956 and was comparable in size to a piano.

. The fingers of a typesetter “run” an average of 20 km per day.

. The world’s first alarm clock was able to ring only at 4 a.m.
. November 30 of each year marks World Computer Security Day.

. On April 1, 2005, NASA told the world that it had found water on the surface of Mars. Trolling was a success.

. A picture taken by the very first camera in the world would have to wait 8 hours.

. The creators of the PNG photo format wanted to be called ping.

. Skype is officially blocked in China.

. The Apple II computer received a 5 MB hard drive.

. In 1932, Augustus Dvorak, a professor at the University of Washington, created a keyboard of the same name. The Dvorak keyboard is more convenient than the traditional QWERTY – it doesn’t get tired of your hands and type faster. But she never became the standard. However, if desired, it can be included in any modern OS.

 

. The QWERTY keyboard was invented by Christopher Scholes in 1868.

. The first commercial computer with a graphical user interface and mouse was Apple Lisa (June 1983).
. The first computer (computer) was created by Charles Babbage in 1822.

. 1,024 gigabytes equals 1 terabyte, 1,024 gigabytes is 1 petabyte.

. 1 petabyte is capable of accommodating 13.3 years of HDTV video.

. According to statistics, 86% of people try to insert a USB cable “upside down”.

. The last game for the console Sega Mega Drive was released in 2010. It turned out to be so popular that it was sold out before the release.

. Since 2008, video games have been bought more often than DVDs.

. The average age of a gamer in the USA is 35 years.
. In 2010, the U.S. Air Force used 1,760 PlayStation 3 game consoles to create a supercomputer. The military said the PS3 is a more economical and environmentally friendly option.

. The first real-time online gaming console was Sega Dreamcast.

. Surgeons who grow up in video games make 37% fewer mistakes.

. Nintendo (the creator of Pokemon Go) was founded in 1889 and for decades only produced playing cards.

. Email appeared earlier than the Internet.

. In 2004, the @ symbol was added to Morse code. Prior to this, nothing had been added to it for several decades.

. The very first Internet domain (site name) was called www.symbolics.com and was registered on March 15, 1985.

. According to the Message Anti-Abuse Working Group, between 88 and 92% of all emails sent in the first half of 2010 are spam. Today, the presence of spam in online correspondence has grown to 97%.

. The first person in the world arrested for spamming was Anthony Greco, and this happened in 2005.

. The first Internet browser was called Netscape Navigator. It was released in 1994, and at the peak of popularity, up to 90% of Internet traffic of those years passed through it.

. All letter combinations from aaa.com to zzz.com are already registered.

. Every second, transactions amounting to $ 680 occur on the eBay.com internet site.

. Spammers receive only one response for every 12 million emails sent.

. The domain www.YouTube.com was registered on February 14, 2005.

. Amazon sells more e-books than it has paper catalogs.

. Amazon’s first name is Cadabra.com. The founder of the service, Jeff Bezos, changed his name after he noticed that his lawyers often confused the words cadabra and cadaver (corpse).
. The very first Internet service provider in the world was CompuServe.

. The name of the once popular Internet service Yahoo is consonant with the characters in the book Gulliver’s Travels by writer Jonathan Swift. In it, “yehu” or “exhu” were the disgusting humanoids that inhabited the country of virtuous guigning horses.

source https://drlinex.com/facts-about-it-technology/

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Science And Technology In Human Life

Technology has become so influential in human life, that human being is nothing without technology. In the present day, as much technology has given to human beings, as much pleasure has been made to the human body, that people do not want to understand anything without technology.

All the new innovations in the field of science and technology have made people’s daily lifestyle so modern and advanced, that human life is not possible without science technology. In order to keep the students connected with technology in the present and for their bright future to come, they are informed about new innovations.

Science has made human life very easy from the height at which human life is reached today. In the present society where science is a boon, science and technology have become the subject of debate. As everyone knows, how important science and technology is for human life, in the same way it is proven to be fatal anywhere. If seen properly, science and technology on one hand is very important for human modern life, where other countries are constantly developing in the field of technology and science, but on the other hand it also causes many problems in human life. Is going

While on the one hand, any work is done easily with the help of internet, it is the same internet where there are so many crimes with its help. While science and technology is a boon, it is no less than a curse.

The technology may have started in the US, but it was also true that without India’s help it could not move forward. In the context of India, if you say something, the use of IT will have to be molded in Hindi and other Indian languages, the reason is very clear that we have the numbers, we have educated, intelligent and people who give importance to the local language. That number. The use of IT has to be adapted to the Indian language and the Indian environment. This is called localization in technical language .

Some interesting facts about technology: –

At present, the entire world has more mobiles than any toothbrush.

-85% messages are read at twice the speed as they are not sent.

– Every home has television, previously it was black and white, now it is color. Earlier there used to be a TV for the entire house, now there is a TV in every room.

– All videos on YouTube have more music than information.

In the present time, people run the net on their mobile more than making calls.

In the past, people used to spend time talking to each other, but today whatsapp, without saying anything, continues on Facebook.

Where technology is giving easy and pleasant life, but it is taking away their freedom from people. People have become as busy as they have become lazy in today’s technology and science.

source https://drlinex.com/science-and-technology-in-human-life/

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Achievements 62 years

Science and Technology:
Achievements 62 years

The tricolor waved on the moon

The unmanned Chandrayaan-I was one of the biggest achievements of the decade in space. The spacecraft was launched on 22 October under the country’s first space program Chandrayaan-1 and was placed in the moon’s transfer strategy (transfer chamber) on 4 November. With India’s first unmanned Chandrayaan-I, Moon Impact Prove, landing on the moon and setting up the Indian national flag, has become the fourth country to make its presence with the national flag on the moon. India is the sixth in the world to have sent its own moon to the moon.

This important project of Indian Space Research is to be completed in three phases. According to an estimate, the first Indian astronaut will reach the moon’s orbit in 2015, while by 2025, he can step on the moon.

After a challenging mission on the moon, India has also started preparing for its move to Mars.

Nuclear submarine arihant

Another force added to India’s strategic potential this year is Arihant. India has been working on this project for nearly two decades. Due to the relentless efforts of Indian scientists, the Indian Navy has included this modern weapon through which India is today able to face all kinds of strategic challenges.

Apart from India, such submarines have been built by America, Russia, Britain, France and China. This first nuclear submarine of India is named INS Arihant. Arihant means destroyer of enemies.

On 20 July 2009, giant dry dock gates were opened in Visakhapatnam and this nuclear submarine weighing six thousand tons would enter the sea trials. The submarine has been developed under India’s highly confidential Advanced Technology Vessel Project. A total of 4 such submarines are to be developed and the project will be completed by 2015.

Arihant is a nuclear powered submarine that can stay under water for an unlimited time. Conventional submarines have to come to the surface to take air to charge their batteries, but this submarine will have no such requirement. Arihant can stay under the sea for a long time.

A missile named Sagarika can be launched through this submarine. Sagarika is currently being developed by DRDO and will have a range of 500 to 700 km. Apart from this, this submarine can also be equipped with Agni-3.

On completion of this project, India will have the power to use nuclear weapons from the sky, land and underwater.

With the development of this submarine, India has become the sixth country in the world to acquire a nuclear submarine. Arihant has expanded Indian strategic capability.
‘ Bhuvan’ show Njar of worldwide field

The software ‘Bhuvan’ developed by Indian Space Research (ISRO), traveling the entire world at the same time, will now take you around the world. Through this web portal anyone will be able to view satellite images from all over the world.

Bhuvan is a Sanskrit word, which means earth in Hindi. Through this, the internet consumer will be able to see any place of the world, but sensitive places like military and nuclear installations will not be visible in it. Photographs appearing in the Bhuvan webportal were taken from ISRO’s seven remote sensing satellites a year ago. In it, the pictures of the earth seen from the very top in the sky, the car moving on the road will be seen very clearly.

The special thing is that the pictures appearing in Bhuvan webportal will look more clear than Google Earth, a similar portal. The photographs included have a resolution of 10 meters, but other services offering such services have a resolution of 200 meters.
– Arundhati AmadekarIndia’s achievements in the last 62 years are many. If you write, many books can be written. India is creating new dimensions of development year after year. Chandrayaan and nuclear submarine are some of the projects that have forced the entire world to recognize India as an emerging superpower.
After series of bomb blasts in the country in the last few years, ISRO planned to create a Bhuvan-like system. If someone now plans to carry out the blasts from satelline photographs of the conspirator Bhuvan, he will easily find Bhuvan’s team.

source https://drlinex.com/achievements-62-years/

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Medical Field

What’s new in the medical field and what will happen in 20
What came new in the medical field and what will happen in 20 – Dr. Skanda Shukla, Immunologist and Rumatologist The

There was a lot of work done in both the areas of diagnosis and treatment, due to which a ray of hope was seen in the lives of patients. You and we have been hearing about many of these things for the past several years.. The entire process takes several year

Artificial Intelligence calls
for doctors to replace patients

Smart inhaler has come to cure asthma

Abdul is a patient of asthma, but does not want to take an inhaler. They find it more appropriate to control the merge by eating pills, whereas if used properly, inhalers are effective in 90 percent of asthma. They should learn to use it from a doctor and do not eat pills for lung problems. When and at what time the medicine is to be taken from the inhaler, how much is to be taken and whether the previous dose has been taken properly – all these information will reach their smartphone.

Current: In most situations, doctors and patients use traditional inhalers.

Future use of smart inhalers will increase. With the help of smartphone, the right dose of medicine will be given to the patient at the right time and in the right way.

Advantages: There will be ease in inhaling the medicine. There will be more benefit in disease.
Drawbacks: Expensive and out of reach of most people.

Status in India: Will be available in the market very soon.
What is RNA therapy?

The genes that cause or contribute to the disease can be truncated or repaired. We have talked about this in detail during crisper discussion. Genes are made up of DNA and truncation of genes is actually truncated in DNA. The DNA of every cell in the body works like this: first it makes its RNA and then it makes RNA proteins. Through various experiments with this RNA, scientists are engaged in giving new directions to the treatment of many diseases. Genetic diseases, cancers and various autoimmune diseases may prove beneficial in RNA.

Current: Like DNA editing, making changes in RNA is far from treating common people, but gradually we are moving in that direction.

Future: Like genes, fighting diseases by editing RNA will provide a second level treatment to the patients.

Advantage: More effective treatment than ever before

: If there is a mistake in editing, then a new disease can also be born.
Situation in India: It will take time.
Immunotherapy Support: Drugs fighting with body soldiers

Science is engaged in knowing how to fight our body better than cancer. In this battle of cancer versus body, cancer can be improved by strengthening the body soldier (immunity system). Many drugs (chemotherapy) are used to treat cancer, but we know that many people do not know that a patient’s immune system also fights against that cancer when a cancer develops. In such a situation, the help of the fighters and proteins of the body is also being taken during the treatment of cancer. Scientists make these combat proteins in labs called monoclonal anti-bodies. Many times cancer cells put a ‘break’ on the work of these combat cells of the body. The doctors remove these brakes by giving drugs from outside, so that these combat immune cells start killing cancer cells again.

Medicines and organs are being made by 3D printing

3D printing is being used in many areas around the world. The use of this technology in medical science is also increasing in various ways. Prostheses of external organs or implants of bones, stents falling in the arteries of the heart or the drugs consumed or the damaged skin of the burned patients can all be printed and prepared. Even human organs, the number of patients who die every year due to deficiency, can also be prepared with this technology. All the organs such as blood-carrying arteries, entire ovaries (ovaries) or pancreas (pancreas) will be formed by this unique technique. This is why 3D printing is a great hope for the future. The use of this method is going to get unprecedented benefits in many diseases according to his needs in a customized way.

source https://drlinex.com/medical-field/

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Countries With The Most Dogs Worldwide

A look at global populations of mankind’s best friends.

Though pet dogs are beloved like human family members in certain countries, in some others stray canines are considered a societal pariah and a risk to human health, well-being, and physical safety. Most global authorities agree that the proper treatment, spaying, neutering, and vaccination of dogs are the best ways to keep dog-related problems in check. That way, nations can enjoy the benefits that dog ownership proffers, ranging from companionship and camaraderie to the facilitation of a bomming pet indursty.

10. Romania (4.1 million)

There is a huge controversy regarding stray dogs in Romania, the population of which is about 4.1 million in that same country. It is believed that the problem with dogs started during the 1980s, when the people of the country were forced to leave their countryside homes and settle in small urban apartments to satisfy the dictates inherent to the industrialization drive that was being pushed by the authoritarian leader at the time, Nicolae Ceausescu. Dogs had to be abandoned on the streets in such cases, and they rapidly multiplied in short order, leaving Romania’s streets full of these homeless canines. For years, these dogs have been subjected to mass slaughter in ways that have often been criticized by animal organizations. In 2008, a new animal welfare law was passed in the country which ruled that no healthy animal must be killed. However, situations got worse still when, in 2013, a boy in Bucharest was believed to have been killed by stray dogs. The government took the opportunity this incident provided to stoke the fires of hatred Romanians had against dogs, and the mass killing of these animals became worse than ever. The culling of dogs in Romania has even received media attention sufficient enough to provoke criticicsm from foreign governments.

9. France (7.4 million)

France has 17 dogs per 100 people, one of the highest ratios in the world, and a dog population of about 7.4 million. 40% of the French people claim to love their dogs like human family members, and dog grooming parlors are to be found in almost every town of the country. Even though there is no licensing system for dogs, every dog born after the 6th of January, 1999, is required to adorn a tattoo or a microchip under the skin that mentions its official identifying number. Despite the French being famous dog lovers, about 100,000 dogs are abandoned by their owners every year, many of which are taken to the local pounds to be euthanized. Also, about 60,000 dogs, especially those of high prized breeds, are stolen each year. Rabies has almost been eradicated in France, where strict vaccination requirements for dogs are in place. However, a few minor incidents of the disease were reported in 2001, 2002, and 2004.

8. Argentina (9.2 million)

The Latin American country of Argentina has a booming population of man’s best friends. As the country becomes wealthier, a larger number of its population are owning dogs as pets, and the market for pet care is also increasingly making rapid strides. Many apartments in Argentina’s large cities allow pets to be kept, which is also encouraging people to adopt dogs. Poodles, Labradors, and German shepherds are the most popular breeds in the country, while about 16% of the owners have adopted stray dogs to keep as their pets. The government of the country also encourages pet ownership, and has promoted canine vaccinations and spaying/neutering programs. Dog feces on the sidewalks of the cities, however, poses a major problem in the country’s cities, with an estimate stating that dogs leave about 35,000 kilograms of waste on Argentine sidewalks per day.

7. India (10.2 million)

The situation for Indian stray dogs is a unique one. These animals have developed into a class of their own, surviving (and often actually thriving) in the streets of India, fighting all odds and living on with the love and support of India’s tolerant human population. Harming or culling stray dogs in India is almost always met with public criticism. Here, spaying/neutering (referred to as the Animal Birth Control or ABC programme) and anti-rabies (AR) vaccination of dogs is considered as the humane way of keeping the growing stray dog population in control. The Animal Birth Control (Dogs) Rules (2001), under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, made it clear that dogs in India must not be killed or displaced to reduce their populations. Though stray incidents of cruelty against these dogs does occur on a countrywide level, the population of the country has generally learned to live with these dogs, and many even feed and take care of these canines on the streets. Governments and non-governmental organizations work hand-in-hand in India to fund and execute the ABC-AR programmes. Positive results have been obtained in some states, where such activities have reduced the number of dog-related bite cases, as well as decreased the dog population to a certain extent. For example, the implementation of the ABC-AR program in the Jaipur city of India has resulted in zero human rabies cases, and a concurrent fall in dog bite cases from 700 to 200 per 100,000 people. The population of stray dogs has also declined by about 50% between 1995 to 2014.

6. Phillipines (11.6 million)

The Philippines ranks 4th in the world in the incidence of human deaths related to rabies. This instigated the government of the country to resort to mass culling of dogs, often in manners that were deemed as cruel by animal welfare organizations around the globe. Many such organizations, such as Humane Society International, worked in close association with private and government vets and other animal handling staff to educate them about canine vaccinations and sterilization programmes. Currently, the population of dogs in Philippines is around 11.6 million, and efforts are being made countrywide to solve the stray dog situation in a more humane manner than by mass culling.

5. Japan (12.0 million)

In Japan, the highly busy lives of its people often deter them from parenthood, which is part of the reason for the stunted population growth on the island nation. Instead, many Japanese prefer pets, with the pet population in Japan outnumbering the number of children in the country. Pets in this country (about 12.0 million dogs and a large population of cats), are thus treated as part of the family, and are often pampered heavily by their doting human parents. The love of the Japanese for their pets has also rapidly fuelled the growth of a $10 billion pet industry in the country.

4. Russia (15.0 million)

Russia has a flourishing population of stray dogs as well as a large pet dog population. The population of these animals is about 15 million in the country. Researchers believe that the strays of Russia are descendants of ancient Russian packs, whose population was kept under strict control during the Soviet period. Furs from these dogs were used to make caps, and many strays were subjected to scientific experiments. Belka and Strelka are the two famous Russian strays who lived near the Space Medicine Institute in Moscow before being launched into orbit in space. In the 1990s, as the Russian economy improved with incoming oil revenues, wealth and, in turn, food waste, increased in the streets of Russia, supporting the multiplication of a large stray population. Most famous of Russia’s stray canines are the ‘Metro dogs’ of Moscow. These dogs have mastered the art of riding escalators and metro trains, and are often found riding along with the human commuters on the metro, with kindhearted passengers and metro staff sometimes encouraging their behaviors.

3. China (27.4 million)

China has a huge population of 27.4 million dogs, which is the third largest in the world. Both stray dogs and pets contribute to this large figure. Despite the relaxation of the one child policy, the Chinese population is not growing as fast as its pet population is. Interestingly, having a pet dog in Beijing in the 1980s was considered to be an imitation of the Western lifestyle, and hence was deemed illegal. However, with loosening restrictions in the subsequent years since, Chinese dog ownership grew rapidly. China also has the third largest pet market in the world. Besides pets, the stray dog population is also often encouraged by the charitable activities of those kindhearted Samaritans who take care of these animals and ensure that they are well-fed.

2. Brazil (35.7 million)

According to research estimates, the Brazilian pet market generated a revenue of BRL 15.2 billion in 2013, which was a 7.3% increase as compared to the data from 2012. This exhibits the popularity of pets in Brazil. It is the second largest country in the world in terms of dog population, with 35.7 million dogs calling Brazil their home today. About 50% of Brazilian households own a dog. The growth of a middle class population in the country, along with declining fertility rates and rising life expectancy, has led to an increased frequency for Brazilians to be seen adopting pets as their new family members.

1. USA (75.8 million)

The United States of America appears to be a haven for man’s best friends, with the dog population in the country standing astonishingly high at 75.8 million. Due to the popularity of dogs in the country, dog parks have been established in nearly every major city and town, and dog grooming parlors have cropped up in a large number of locations. Different states in the U.S have their own laws related to dog management, and owners are responsible for strictly adhering to these laws. Some breed-specific legislations have also been passed in some cities, restricting the ownership of specific breeds of dogs, such as Pit bull dogs, after certain cases of dog attacks on toddlers and the elderly, which can end up being deadly. Animal welfare laws have also been strictly implemented in the country, and those accused of cruelty towards dogs will find themselves subject to criminal trials, and subsequent punishments if found guilty.

Which Country Owns the Most Dogs?

The United States counts more dog owners than any other country in the world. Approximately 75.8 million Americans have a pet dog.

source https://fourteen.online/countries-with-the-most-dogs-worldwide/

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